Bus Standards and Protocols
Bus standards and protocols define the electrical, mechanical, and logical specifications that govern how digital components communicate within computer systems and electronic devices. From the earliest personal computers to modern high-performance servers, bus architectures have evolved continuously to meet increasing demands for bandwidth, reduced latency, and improved power efficiency while maintaining backward compatibility where practical.
Understanding bus standards provides essential insight into computer architecture and system design. These specifications determine how processors access memory, how expansion cards interface with motherboards, and how storage devices transfer data. The evolution from simple parallel buses to sophisticated serial interconnects reflects broader trends in digital electronics toward higher speeds, lower power consumption, and greater integration.