Modulation and Demodulation
Modulation and demodulation form the foundation of electronic communication, enabling information to be transmitted efficiently over various media including radio waves, optical fibers, and electrical cables. Modulation is the process of encoding information onto a carrier signal by varying one or more of its properties, while demodulation extracts the original information from the modulated carrier at the receiving end.
These techniques allow multiple signals to share the same transmission medium through frequency division multiplexing, enable signals to be transmitted at frequencies better suited to the propagation characteristics of the medium, and provide immunity to noise and interference through various encoding schemes. From the earliest radio broadcasts to modern digital communications, modulation remains an essential tool for conveying information across distances.